Explorando diferentes subproductos considerados como residuos por la industria pesquera en México//Exploring different by-products considered as residues by the fishery industry in México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v22i2.1246Palabras clave:
subproductos, industria pesquera, composición, residuosResumen
La producción y poco aprovechamiento de subproductos de los grandes centros de distribución en México causa problemas ambientales. Se exploró la composición fisicoquímica de distintos subproductos evaluando el pH, humedad, lípidos, ceniza, proteínas, nitrógeno no proteico, bases volátiles totales, hidroxiprolina y prolina en tres sitios (zonas) de muestreo durante tres meses diferentes, cada zona o sitio representó muestras diferentes, así: MM (mezcla de subproductos de diferentes especies), AT (subproductos derivados del enlatado de atún), TL (subproductos derivados del fileteo de tilapia). Se registraron diferencias en la composición química entre los tres meses de muestreo y entre los tres sitios evaluados. Los resultados mostraron que los componentes más importantes que se pueden recuperar son: proteínas, para el sitio MM, incluyendo el colágeno; lípidos y proteínas, para el sitio AT; colágeno y lípidos para el sitio TL. Los valores promedio de pH (7.89), humedad (72.75 %) y BVT (188 mg N/100 g) para el sitio MM, demuestran la necesidad de mejorar el manejo de los subproductos en ese sitio. Los subproductos de los tres sitios de muestreo mostraron ser una fuente alternativa de componentes importantes como proteínas que no son colágeno, colágeno, lípidos y cenizas, dependiendo del sitio. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar la necesidad de mejorar el manejo de los subproductos para lograr un mayor aprovechamiento.
ABSTRACT
The production and under-utilization of by-products from the large distribution centers in México, promotes environmental problems. The physicochemical composition of different by-products produced by the large distribution centers throughout different months was explored evaluating pH, moisture, lipids, ash, proteins, non-protein nitrogen, total volatile bases, hydroxyproline and proline, in three places during three months, each place represented different sample, including: MM (by-products from different fish species), AT (by-products of tuna canning, and TL (tilapia by-products). There were differences in chemical composition among the three months and the evaluated places. Results showed that the most important components that could be recovered are proteins for MM, collagen, lipids and proteins for AT and collagen and lipids for TL. Average values of pH (7.89), moisture (72.75 %) and total volatile bases (188 mg N/100 g) demonstrate the need of improving the by-products management in the MM place. By-products from the three evaluated places showed be an alternative source to obtain important components including non-collagen proteins, collagen, lipids, and ash depending on the sampling place. However, it is important to highlight the need of improving the handling of by-products to achieve greater exploitation.
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