Physicochemical study of chitin and chitosan obtained from California brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis) exoskeleton
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https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1616Palabras clave:
Biopolímeros, residuos de crustáceos, aislamiento de quitina, Peso molecular viscosimétrico promedio, grado de acetilaciónResumen
Este trabajo describe el aislamiento de quitina y optimización del proceso de desacetilación para obtener quitosana a partir del exoesqueleto de camarón café (Farfentepenaeus californiensis) recolectado del Golfo de California. La extracción se realizó a través de un proceso consecutivo de desmineralización y desproteinización. Por otro lado, la desacetilación se llevó a cabo por hidrólisis alcalina y el producto se purificó utilizando una serie de filtros de membrana para homogeneizar el tamaño de las cadenas macromoleculares. De acuerdo con la metodología seguida, se obtuvo rendimiento del 33 % y 23 % (base seca) de quitina y quitosana, respectivamente. Los materiales se caracterizaron por espectroscopía FTIR y análisis termogravimétrico. Asimismo, se evaluó el análisis proximal, peso molecular viscosimétrico y el grado de acetilación en la muestra de quitosana. Los productos obtenidos presentaron estructura química y propiedades fisicoquímicas comparables con los biopolímeros aislados por métodos similares reportados en la literatura. Se encontró que la quitosana pura tiene un grado de acetilación de 15.87 % (estimado por 1H-RMN) y . Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que los desechos quitinosos del Mar de Cortés pueden considerarse como una fuente importante para la preparación de quitosana y utilizarse para diversas aplicaciones de la región
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