Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante de polifenoles de semillas de macambo (Theobroma bicolor)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2672Palabras clave:
Theobroma bicolor, polifenoles, actividad antioxidante, actividad antimicrobianaResumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes de los polifenoles extraídos de la semilla de macambo (Theobroma bicolor), mediante dos métodos de extracción: ultrasonido y agitación, aplicando dos fuentes para el extracto: Semillas, cáscara y cotiledón, bajo tres soluciones hidroalcohólicas (1:3, 1:1, 3:1). Se encontró que el tratamiento de maceración por agitación con una proporción hidroalcohólica de 1:3 fue el más efectivo, logrando mayores rendimientos de extracción tanto de la cáscara (60,35 %) como del cotiledón (68,06 %). Además, se presentó un alto contenido de polifenoles y una significativa actividad antioxidante para ambas fuentes de extracto, destacando el potencial de los polifenoles de Macambo como antioxidantes naturales. Se observó alto contenido de polifenoles en los extractos de cáscara (17,31 mg EAG/g) y cotiledón (10,40 mg EAG/g) bajo maceración por agitación y ultrasonido, respectivamente, en relación hidroalcohólica 1:3. los extractos mostraron una significativa actividad antioxidante, especialmente en cáscara (23119,24 µmol ET/100 g) y cotiledón (96943,78 µmol ET/100 g) por ultrasonido en la misma relación solvente. La actividad antimicrobiana evaluada contra Salmonella enterica y E. coli demostró valores de inhibición de hasta 88,97 %, resultando útil para el desarrollo de conservantes o tratamientos antimicrobianos y una alternativa para el aprovechamiento de recursos naturales.
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