Effects of Aquatic and Land-Based Resistance Training on Body Composition and Functional Capacity in Older Women: An Experimental Study

ÖZGÜR NALBANT; Berre Çağla Erçavuş

doi:10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2712

Autores/as

ÖZGÜR NALBANT Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-3522
Berre Çağla Erçavuş Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Postgraduate Education Institute Coaching Department Researcher, Alanya, Türkiye

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2712

Palabras clave:

envejecimiento, personas mayores, ejercicio, aptitud física, resistencia

Resumen

Este estudio investigó los efectos de un programa de ejercicios de resistencia acuáticos y en tierra de ocho semanas sobre la composición corporal y la aptitud funcional en mujeres mayores. Cuarenta y cinco mujeres de 65 años o más fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a grupos de ejercicio acuático (AEG), ejercicio en tierra (LEG) o control (CG), con 15 participantes en cada grupo. Después de las deserciones, 33 participantes completaron el estudio (AEG=9, LEG=14, CG=10). Los grupos de intervención realizaron sesiones supervisadas de 60 minutos, tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas. La aptitud funcional se evaluó mediante la batería de pruebas de aptitud física para personas mayores (Senior Fitness Test), la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg y la Evaluación de la Marcha y Equilibrio de Tinetti. La composición corporal se evaluó utilizando el peso corporal y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Ambos grupos de ejercicio mostraron mejoras significativas en fuerza, flexibilidad, equilibrio, agilidad y capacidad aeróbica en comparación con el grupo control (p<0.05). El grupo LEG también mostró una disminución significativa en el peso corporal (p<0.05), pero los cambios en el IMC no fueron estadísticamente significativos. No se observaron mejoras significativas en el grupo control. En conclusión, tanto el entrenamiento de resistencia acuático como el terrestre mejoraron la aptitud funcional en mujeres mayores, siendo el ejercicio en tierra más efectivo para la reducción de peso. El ejercicio acuático puede ser más adecuado para personas con limitaciones articulares o de equilibrio. Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso de programas de ejercicio multicomponente para promover un envejecimiento saludable.

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