Adsorción de Trihalometanos en solución acuosa utilizando Zeolita natural modificada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v21i2.938Palabras clave:
Trihalometanos, zeolita, adsorciónResumen
Los trihalometanos (THMs) se producen cuando los desinfectantes que contienen cloro reaccionan con materia orgánica natural presente en el agua a tratar, la velocidad de formación de estas sustancias disminuye con el tiempo de contacto, pero aumenta con la dosis de cloro. Durante 1989 se examinaron las concentraciones de subproductos de la desinfección en 35 plantas de tratamiento en EE.UU. y se encontró que los THMs eran los compuestos presentes en mayor cantidad, los cuatro THMs más comunes son el triclorometano (cloroformo), dibromoclorometano, diclorobromometano y tribromometano (bromoformo). Con el fin de estudiar una posible solución a este problema, en este trabajo se realizaron pruebas de adsorción con zeolita natural del Estado de Sonora, modificada superficialmente con el surfactante hexadeciltrimetilamonio (HDTMA), para determinar su capacidad de remoción de trihalometanos en solución acuosa; se desarrollaron los experimentos de adsorción a seis distintas concentraciones y a tres diferentes temperaturas, todos los datos de equilibrio se ajustan a la ecuación de Langmuir, se pueden observar ligeras diferencias en la capacidad de adsorción para cada contaminante, detectándose una mayor capacidad para dibromoclorometano y bromoformo. La fase hidrofóbica en la superficie de la zeolita se comporta como un medio de partición para los THMs, por lo que la zeolita modificada con HDTMA puede ser utilizada para adsorber THMs en solución acuosa.
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