Evaluación de consorcios micorrícicos arbusculares nativos en interacción con niveles de fósforo en la promoción del crecimiento y fotosíntesis de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v25i1.1765Palabras clave:
hierba dulce, edulcorante natural, asociación, colonización, fosfatoResumen
La creciente demanda de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni como edulcorante natural, exige la búsqueda de sistemas de producción más sostenibles. El fósforo es indispensable en este cultivo, al estar involucrado en procesos de transformación de energía y biosíntesis de fitoquímicos; su poca disponibilidad afecta la producción y retarda el crecimiento de las plantas. La simbiosis con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) representa una vía sostenible para aumentar la producción de los cultivos, gracias a una mejor absorción de nutrientes, particularmente fósforo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de consorcios de HMA nativos, provenientes de las localidades: Reserva Cuxtal (RC), Tizimín (TZ) y Colonia Yucatán (CY) pertenecientes al estado de Yucatán, en interacción con porcentajes de fósforo en base a su requerimiento nutricional, sobre parámetros de crecimiento y fotosíntesis en S. rebaudiana a nivel invernadero. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo bifactorial 4 X 5. Los resultados indicaron que, a bajas concentraciones de fósforo, hay mayor colonización micorrícica. Los tratamientos RC+25 % P y CY+25 % P aumentaron el crecimiento, mejoraron la arquitectura aérea de las plantas y la producción de biomasa, derivado de un mayor contenido de clorofila y mejor tasa fotosintética con respecto a plantas no inoculadas.
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