Intercambio de gases, relación isotópica de δ13C/12C y actividad enzimática en pimiento morrón bajo diferentes riegos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v26.2217Palabras clave:
Capsicum annuum L., asimilación de carbono, estrés hídrico, productividad del metabolismoResumen
El cultivo de pimiento morrón demanda prácticas de riego para garantizar la producción y calidad del fruto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los cambios fisiológicos y bioquímicos, así como la variación en la discriminación isotópica de δ13C en plantas de pimiento sometidas a diferentes aspas de riego. El diseño experimental se organizó en un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con tres tratamientos (aspas de riego) y cinco repeticiones. Aspa 1 (B1): Ψm = 10 a 15 kPa, aspa 2 (B2): Ψm = 34 a 40 kPa y aspa 3 (B3): Ψm = 54 a 60 kPa. Se realizaron cuatro evaluaciones a los 50, 65, 80 y 95 días después del trasplante (DDT), midiendo el potencial hídrico foliar (Ψlw), la asimilación neta de CO2 (A), la conductancia estomática (gs), la transpiración (E), la discriminación isotópica (δ13C/12C), actividad enzimática de nitrato reductasa (NR), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y catalasa (CAT). Finalmente se recolectaron frutos para determinar la productividad. En plantas de pimiento morrón con menor disponibilidad de agua y, dependiendo de su desarrollo, el potencial hídrico foliar fue más negativo, resultando en un mayor cierre de estomas lo que provocó una disminución considerable en la asimilación neta de CO2, transpiración, actividad de la enzima nitrato reductasa y producción de frutos y mayor actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes. El aumento y la duración de la restricción de agua en las plantas de pimiento morrón indujeron una menor discriminación isotópica de δ13C.
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