Actividad antifúngica de extractos metanólicos y alcaloides de Jatropha platyphylla contra Aspergillus parasiticus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v22i3.1216Palabras clave:
antifúngico, extracto, alcaloide, identificación, Jatropha platyphylla.Resumen
Los metabolitos secundarios presentes en plantas han demostrado ejercer diversas propiedades biológicas, principalmente el grupo de alcaloides, los cuales han sido investigados por su actividad fungicida, capaz de reemplazar a los productos sintéticos. Las especies del género Jatropha han sido estudiadas por su amplia variedad de metabolitos secundarios con potencial antimicrobiano, logrando ser relevantes en la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas al control de hongos de importancia clínica y alimentaria como Aspergillus parasiticus, considerado como una de las principales especies de hongos productores de aflatoxinas.
En el presente trabajo se identificó por primera vez por cromatografía en capa fina de alta resolución (HPTLC) la presencia de alcaloides en Jatropha platyphylla y se evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de los extractos metanólicos y fracción enriquecida de alcaloides, a concentraciones de 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1 y 2 mg/mL, sobre el crecimiento radial de A. parasiticus. Además se determinó su germinación a partir de la CI50 de los tratamientos. Se observó una mayor actividad de los alcaloides a 2 mg/mL, con el 80 % de inhibición a las 48 h (P< 0,05), con una CI50 de 2.7 mg/mL. Estos resultados evidencian a los alcaloides de J. platyphylla como posibles tratamientos alternativos al control de A. parasiticus.
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