Evaluación cinética de pretratamientos de extracción para la obtención de flavonoides con potencial terapéutico a partir del bagazo residual del orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens Kunth).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2266Palabras clave:
Valorizacion, modelo cinético de extracción, pinocembrina, galanginaResumen
El perfil del aceite esencial del orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) lo convierte en una especia con importante potencial económico. Sin embargo, es poco aprovechada su alta concentración en compuestos fenólicos hidrosolubles (pinocembrina, galangina), flavonoides con importantes propiedades terapéuticas. El contenido de estos flavonoides permanece en cantidades significativas en el bagazo residual obtenido tras extraer el aceite esencial. Este bagazo es poco utilizado y por su inadecuada eliminación representa una fuente de contaminación. Esta investigación se enfocó en aprovechar el bagazo residual, extrayendo los compuestos flavonoides (pinocembrina y galangina), analizados mediante HPLC-DAD. Se evaluaron dos pretratamientos de extracción: ultrasonido y microondas, empleando diferentes potencias. Seguido de la extracción mediante maceración agitada. Las cinéticas de extracción ajustadas a un modelo de segundo orden, revelaron un proceso de extracción de dos etapas: difusión y lavado. La máxima capacidad de extracción (Cs) y recuperación de pinocembrina y galangina se obtuvieron empleando ultrasonido a una potencia de 325W durante 5 min, reduciendo el tiempo de extracción en un 59 %. Se evaluó el contenido de fenoles totales (Folin-Ciocalteau) y capacidad antioxidante (ORAC, DPPH, FRAP) en los extractos obtenidos. Este enfoque representa un uso alternativo del bagazo residual y una mejora significativa en la eficiencia del proceso extractivo convencional.
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