Modificaciones químicas de galactomananos: síntesis y análisis estructura-función
Modificaciones químicas de galactomananos
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https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v25i2.1883Palabras clave:
Galactomananos, modificaciones químicas, esterificación, carboximetilación, adición de grupos funcionalesResumen
Los galactomananos (GM) son polisacáridos multifuncionales formados por una cadena de β (1→4)-D-manopiranosa con ramificaciones de D-galactopiranosa unidas por enlaces glucosídicos α (1→6). Se obtienen del endospermo de semillas de leguminosas por diferentes métodos de extracción. Los GM son productos naturales de la fijación de carbono a través de una serie de vías biosintéticas a gran escala. La modificación química de polisacáridos se ha utilizado como estrategia para cambiar características estructurales y propiedades funcionales, como solubilidad, polaridad, carga iónica, bioactividad, entre otras. Las modificaciones reportadas de GM incluyen hidrólisis, esterificación, eterificación y adición de grupos funcionales como sulfatos o fosfatos que originan derivados de GM con potencial de aplicación biológica y tecnológica. Por lo tanto, esta revisión se centra en las rutas sintéticas y el análisis de las estructuras químicas de los GM modificados químicamente.
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