Nematodos asociados al cultivo de pepino (Cucumis sativus) y efecto de rhizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento sobre Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v26.2143Palabras clave:
Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus velezensis, Control biológico, Nematodo agallador, Pseudomonas fluorescensResumen
Se analizaron muestras de suelo y raíces del cultivo del pepino. Se extrajeron e identificaron los nematodos fitopatógenos presentes. Juveniles de Meloidogyne incognita fueron los más abundantes en suelo, otros como Aphelenchoides sp., Pratylenchus sp., Tylenchorynchus sp., y Aphelenchus sp. se encontraron con menor presencia. De las raíces se obtuvieron hembras y huevos de M. incognita. Con el fin de encontrar alternativas a los productos químicos fumigantes utilizados en exceso, se evaluaron las rizobacterias Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus velezensis y Pseudomonas fluorescens, que fueron fermentadas y filtradas para ponerse en contacto con estos nematodos bajo condiciones in vitro, observando su efecto cada 24 h. Los tratamientos se analizaron en concentraciones de 100% y 50%. El filtrado de P. fluorescens presentó la mejor actividad nematicida, ocasionando una mortalidad de 95% en la concentración más alta y de 93 % en la concentración de 50 % a las 24 h, seguido por los tratamientos de B. vallismortis y B. velezensis con 83 y 77 % de respectivamente, en las concentraciones más altas. Los tres tratamientos ocasionaron un 100 % de mortalidad de los nematodos a 48 h de exposición, indicando, que contienen acción nematicida y pueden ser una alternativa viable para el control de estos fitopatógenos.
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