Rendimiento de Litopenaeus vannamei a diferentes niveles de ingesta diaria de proteína y proporciones carbohidrato/proteína en alimentos formulados con baja inclusión de harina de pescado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v23i3.1412Keywords:
Daily protein intake, nitrogen retention, L. vannamei performance, carbohydrates:protein rates.Abstract
ABSTRACT
The increase in aquaculture production needs optimization of protein in feeds, which should aim to reduce production costs and environmental impact. The aim of this study was to determine the daily protein intake (DPI) mathematical functions related to body weight, to evaluate diets with low inclusion of fishmeal that present the best performance in terms of protein efficiency and nitrogen retention. Two experiments were carried out, Juveniles of L. vannamei. First trial; feed with commercial diet at four DPI levels (80, 100, 120 and 140 %). In second trial, five diets with different CHO:Protein (2.1, 1.5, 1.1, 0.8 and 0.6) levels were evaluated, according to 120 % DPI level. DPI = 43.174 BW-0.684 was the best mathematical function found to represent the aquaculture feeding practices. A significant effect on weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency and nitrogen retention were found due to DPI levels and CBH:P ratios, without any effect on survival. Growth parameters and feed conversion rates increase in both cases, protein efficiency and nitrogen retention diminish with DPI levels using similar protein level and CBH:P ratio but increases with CBH:P ratios at same DPI level using low fishmeal content in feeds.
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References
REFERENCES
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Brito, R., Rosas, C., Chimal, M.E. & Gaxiola, G. 2001. Effect of different diets on growth and digestive enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannamei (Bone, 1931) early post-larvae. Aquaculture Research. 32: 257-266.
Clifford, H.C. 1992. Marine shrimp pond management: Review. Pages 110-137 in J. Wyban, editors. Proceeding of the special session on shrimp farming. The World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
FAO. 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Sustainability in action.
Gaxiola, G., Guzon, G., Garcia, T., Tabeada, T. & Brito, R. 2005. A factorial effects of salinity, dietary carbohydrate and molt cycle on digestive carbohydrases and hexokinases in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 140: 29-39.
González-Félix, M.L., Lawrence, A.L., Gatlin, D.M. & Pérez-Velázquez, M. 2002. Growth, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei fed different oils in the presence and absence of phospholipids. Aquaculture. 205: 325–343.
Guo, R., Liu, Y.J., Tian, L.X. & Huag, J.W. 2006. Effect of dietary cornstarch levels on growth performance, digestibility and microscopic structure in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in brackish water. Aquaculture Nutrition. 12: 83-88
Güroy, D., Sahin, I., Güroy, B., Altin, A. & Merrifield, D.L. 2012. Effect of dietary protein level on growth performance and nitrogen excretion of the yellow tail cichlid, Pseudotropheus acei. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture, 64:1.
He, H., Lawrence, A.L. & Liu, R. 1992. Evaluation of dietary essentiality of fat- soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K for penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture. 103: 177–185.
Hu, Y., Tan, B., Mai, K., Ai, Q., Zheng, S., & Cheng, K. 2008. Growth and body composition of juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy. Aquaculture Nutrition. 14: 499-506.
Jang, I.K., Yun, H., Katya, K. & Bai, S.C. 2014. Evaluation of optimum protein level for juvenile whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Crustacean Biology. 24(5): 552-558.
Kureshy, N. & Davis, D.A. 2002. Protein requirement for maintenance and maximum weight gain for the pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture. 204: 125-143.
Limsuwan, C. & Junratchakoo, P. 2004. Shrimp Culture Industry of Thailand. Magic Publishing, Bangkok.
Liu, D. H., He, J.G., Liu, Y.J., Zheng, S.X. & Tian, L.X. 2005. Effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance and immune condition of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles at very low salinity. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni. 44: 217-223.
Pandian, T.J. 1989. Protein requirements of fish and prawns cultured in Asia. Proceedings third Asian Fish Nutrition Network Meeting. Filipinas: 11-22.
Pascual, C., Zenteno, E., Guzon, G., Sanchez, A., Gaxiola, A., Tabeada, G., Suarez, J. & Rosas, T. 2004. Litopenaus vannamei juveniles energetic balance and immunological response to dietary protein. Aqcuaculture. 236: 431-450.
Quintero, H. E. ; Roy, L. A. 2010. Practical feed management in semi-intensive systems for shrimp culture: The shrimp book 2010 pp.443-453 ref.15. Alday-Sanz, V. (Editores), ISBN : 9781904761594, Record Number : 20113353954, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
Smith, L.L., Lee, P.G. Lawrence, A. & Strawn, K. 1985. Growth and digestibility by three sizes of Penaeus vannamei Boone: effects of dietary protein level and protein source. Aquaculture 46: 85-96.
Sui, L., Ma, G. & Deng, Y. 2015. Effect of dietary protein level and salinity on growth, survival, enzymatic activities and amino-acid composition of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) juveniles. Crustaceana. 88: 82–95.
Tacon, A.G.J. & Akiyama, D. 1997. Feed Ingredients. In: Crustacean Nutrition, Advances in World Aquaculture, Volume 6. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, US.
Wasielesky, W., Atwood, H. & Browdy, C. 2006. Effect of natural production in a zero exchange suspended microbial floc based super-intensive culture system for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 258(1-4):396-403.
Xia, S., Li Y., Wang, W., Rajkumar, M., Vasagam, K. & Paramasivam, K. 2010 Influence of dietary protein levels on growth, digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and stress tolerance in white-leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), reared in high-density tank trials. Aquaculture Research. 41: 1845–54.
Yaemsooksawat, N., Jintasataporn, O., Areechon, N., Puntuma-o-paas, S. & Thongtuak, C. 2008. Effect of dietary protein level on growth and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology. 31(1): 15-20.
Zainuddin, H., Haryati H. & Aslamyah, S. 2014. Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels and Feeding Frequencies on Growth and Carbohydrate Digestibility by White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Under Laboratory Conditions. Journal of Aquaculture Research Development. 5:274.
Zhang, S., Li, J., Wu, X., Zhong, W., Xian, J., Liao, S. & Wang, A. 2013. Effects of different dietary lipid level on the growth, survival and immune-relating genes expression in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 34: 1131–1138.
Akiyama, H., Nakamura, N., Nagasaka, S., Sakamaki, S. & Onozawa, Y. 1992. Hypercalcaemia due to all- trans retinoic acid. Lancet. 339: 308–309.
Brito, R., Rosas, C., Chimal, M.E. & Gaxiola, G. 2001. Effect of different diets on growth and digestive enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannamei (Bone, 1931) early post-larvae. Aquaculture Research. 32: 257-266.
Clifford, H.C. 1992. Marine shrimp pond management: Review. Pages 110-137 in J. Wyban, editors. Proceeding of the special session on shrimp farming. The World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
FAO. 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Sustainability in action.
Gaxiola, G., Guzon, G., Garcia, T., Tabeada, T. & Brito, R. 2005. A factorial effects of salinity, dietary carbohydrate and molt cycle on digestive carbohydrases and hexokinases in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 140: 29-39.
González-Félix, M.L., Lawrence, A.L., Gatlin, D.M. & Pérez-Velázquez, M. 2002. Growth, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei fed different oils in the presence and absence of phospholipids. Aquaculture. 205: 325–343.
Guo, R., Liu, Y.J., Tian, L.X. & Huag, J.W. 2006. Effect of dietary cornstarch levels on growth performance, digestibility and microscopic structure in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in brackish water. Aquaculture Nutrition. 12: 83-88
Güroy, D., Sahin, I., Güroy, B., Altin, A. & Merrifield, D.L. 2012. Effect of dietary protein level on growth performance and nitrogen excretion of the yellow tail cichlid, Pseudotropheus acei. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture, 64:1.
He, H., Lawrence, A.L. & Liu, R. 1992. Evaluation of dietary essentiality of fat- soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K for penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture. 103: 177–185.
Hu, Y., Tan, B., Mai, K., Ai, Q., Zheng, S., & Cheng, K. 2008. Growth and body composition of juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy. Aquaculture Nutrition. 14: 499-506.
Jang, I.K., Yun, H., Katya, K. & Bai, S.C. 2014. Evaluation of optimum protein level for juvenile whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Crustacean Biology. 24(5): 552-558.
Kureshy, N. & Davis, D.A. 2002. Protein requirement for maintenance and maximum weight gain for the pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture. 204: 125-143.
Limsuwan, C. & Junratchakoo, P. 2004. Shrimp Culture Industry of Thailand. Magic Publishing, Bangkok.
Liu, D. H., He, J.G., Liu, Y.J., Zheng, S.X. & Tian, L.X. 2005. Effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance and immune condition of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles at very low salinity. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni. 44: 217-223.
Pandian, T.J. 1989. Protein requirements of fish and prawns cultured in Asia. Proceedings third Asian Fish Nutrition Network Meeting. Filipinas: 11-22.
Pascual, C., Zenteno, E., Guzon, G., Sanchez, A., Gaxiola, A., Tabeada, G., Suarez, J. & Rosas, T. 2004. Litopenaus vannamei juveniles energetic balance and immunological response to dietary protein. Aqcuaculture. 236: 431-450.
Quintero, H. E. ; Roy, L. A. 2010. Practical feed management in semi-intensive systems for shrimp culture: The shrimp book 2010 pp.443-453 ref.15. Alday-Sanz, V. (Editores), ISBN : 9781904761594, Record Number : 20113353954, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
Smith, L.L., Lee, P.G. Lawrence, A. & Strawn, K. 1985. Growth and digestibility by three sizes of Penaeus vannamei Boone: effects of dietary protein level and protein source. Aquaculture 46: 85-96.
Sui, L., Ma, G. & Deng, Y. 2015. Effect of dietary protein level and salinity on growth, survival, enzymatic activities and amino-acid composition of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) juveniles. Crustaceana. 88: 82–95.
Tacon, A.G.J. & Akiyama, D. 1997. Feed Ingredients. In: Crustacean Nutrition, Advances in World Aquaculture, Volume 6. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, US.
Wasielesky, W., Atwood, H. & Browdy, C. 2006. Effect of natural production in a zero exchange suspended microbial floc based super-intensive culture system for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 258(1-4):396-403.
Xia, S., Li Y., Wang, W., Rajkumar, M., Vasagam, K. & Paramasivam, K. 2010 Influence of dietary protein levels on growth, digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and stress tolerance in white-leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), reared in high-density tank trials. Aquaculture Research. 41: 1845–54.
Yaemsooksawat, N., Jintasataporn, O., Areechon, N., Puntuma-o-paas, S. & Thongtuak, C. 2008. Effect of dietary protein level on growth and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology. 31(1): 15-20.
Zainuddin, H., Haryati H. & Aslamyah, S. 2014. Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels and Feeding Frequencies on Growth and Carbohydrate Digestibility by White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Under Laboratory Conditions. Journal of Aquaculture Research Development. 5:274.
Zhang, S., Li, J., Wu, X., Zhong, W., Xian, J., Liao, S. & Wang, A. 2013. Effects of different dietary lipid level on the growth, survival and immune-relating genes expression in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 34: 1131–1138.
Published
2021-09-08
How to Cite
Rubalcava Márquez, J. C., Martínez Antonio, E., Álvarez Ruíz, P., Casillas Hernández, R., Mejía Ruíz, H., & Magallón Barajas, F. J. (2021). Rendimiento de Litopenaeus vannamei a diferentes niveles de ingesta diaria de proteína y proporciones carbohidrato/proteína en alimentos formulados con baja inclusión de harina de pescado. Biotecnia, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v23i3.1412
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