Composición química, actividad antioxidante y citotoxicidad de extractos de flores de Magnolia grandiflora L. encontradas en el sureste de México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v25i1.1680Palabras clave:
Actividad biológica, Compuestos bioactivos, Plantas medicinalesResumen
Muchos estudios afirman que diferentes estructuras de M. grandiflora contienen componentes bioactivos. No obstante, los estudios fitoquímicos indican que los aceites esenciales extraídos son químicamente diferentes y notablemente variables en sus composiciones cualitativas y cuantitativas. Es necesario realizar más estudios sobre M. grandiflora cultivada en México. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar a) la composición química, b) la actividad antioxidante y c) el efecto citotóxico de dos extractos de flores de M. grandiflora. La composición química se evaluó mediante una prueba fitoquímica preliminar seguida de cromatografía en capa fina y análisis espectrofotómetro mediante UV-Vis y FTIR. La actividad antioxidante de los extractos de flores se midió por el método de la actividad reductora de radicales libres (ABTS) y el método de radicales estables de 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH) y la citotoxicidad por un bioensayo de Artemia salina. Los extractos acuoso y etílico de flores mostraron la presencia de cromóforos orgánicos como los flavonoides. Ambos extractos (etilo y agua) demostraron actividad antioxidante tanto por ABTS (459,6 ± 8,5 µmol TE g-1 y 274,2 ± 5,7 µmol TE g-1 respectivamente) como por DPPH (3210,4 ± 2,5 µmol TE g-1 y 219,7 ± 0,9 µmol TE g-1 respectivamente) metodologías; y actividad no citotóxica (CL50, µg mL-1) (1,285±14 y 1,116±15 respectivamente). Los extractos acuosos y etílicos de las flores de M. grandiflora encontradas en el sureste de México son una fuente promisoria de compuestos químicos con actividad biológica atribuida por los resultados presentados.
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