Toxicidad aguda de pimetrozina y flonicamid en dos especies de abejas sin aguijón
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v26.2356Palabras clave:
supervivencia, locomoción, Melipona beecheii, Nannotrigona perilampoidesResumen
Las abejas sin aguijón Melipona beecheii y Nannotrigona perilampoides son vitales en la región Neotropical por su importancia ecológica y económica. Sin embargo, el uso de insecticidas sistémicos en agroecosistemas plantea preocupaciones sobre sus efectos adversos en estos polinizadores. Este estudio evaluó los efectos agudos (2 - 12 h) de los insecticidas flonicamid (Beleaf®) y pimetrozina (Plenum®) en la supervivencia y locomoción de M. beecheii y N. perilampoides. Las abejas se expusieron a dosis de 250 mg/L de flonicamid y 500 mg/L de pimetrozina mediante vía oral y residual en laboratorio. La supervivencia se evaluó a las cuatro, ocho y 12 h, y la locomoción mediante la velocidad de caminata y actividad de vuelo a las dos h. En M. beecheii, la exposición oral afectó la supervivencia solo a las 12 h, sin efectos residuales. En N. perilampoides, la exposición oral no afectó la supervivencia, pero la exposición residual sí. Ambos insecticidas redujeron la locomoción en M. beecheii solo por exposición oral, mientras que en N. perilampoides ambos tipos de exposición mostraron efectos negativos. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de evaluar los efectos de insecticidas sistémicos en diferentes especies de abejas y múltiples vías de exposición para mitigar los riesgos ambientales.
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