Acute toxicity of pymetrozine and flonicamid in two stingless bee species
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v26.2356Keywords:
survival, locomotion, Melipona beecheii, Nannotrigona perilampoidesAbstract
Stingless bees Melipona beecheii and Nannotrigona perilampoides are crucial for the Neotropical region due to their ecological and economic importance. However, the widespread use of systemic insecticides in agroecosystems raises concerns about their potential adverse effects on these essential pollinators. This study assessed the acute effects (2-12 h) of flonicamid (Beleaf®) and pymetrozine (Plenum®) on the survival and locomotion of M. beecheii and N. perilampoides. Bees were exposed to 250 mg/L of flonicamid and 500 mg/L of pymetrozine via oral and residual contact in the laboratory. Survival was measured at four, eight, and 12 h, while locomotion was evaluated by walking speed and flight activity at two hours. In M. beecheii, oral exposure impacted survival only at 12 h, with no residual effects. In N. perilampoides, oral exposure did not affect survival, but residual exposure did. Both insecticides reduced locomotion in M. beecheii only with oral exposure, whereas N. perilampoides showed negative effects from both exposure types. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating systemic insecticides' impacts on different bee species and considering multiple exposure routes to accurately assess toxicity and mitigate risks to pollination and the environment.
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