Efecto del sistema asociado con frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) sobre el comportamiento agronómico, fisiológico y daño por gusano cogollero de tres cultivares de maíz criollo.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2359Palabras clave:
policultivo, cultivo asociado, producción de maízResumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el comportamiento agronómico y fisiológico de maíces criollos de Yucatán por efecto de la asociación con frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). El experimento se estableció bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se establecieron tres cultivares de maíz criollo (Naal teel, Nal xoy y Dzit bacal) en monocultivo y asociado con V. unguiculata. Se evaluó el comportamiento agronómico midiendo variables de crecimiento, componentes de rendimiento y daño por gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), así como variables fisiológicas de intercambio de gases. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante la prueba t de Student. Las plantas de maíz establecidas en asociación con V. unguiculata mostraron los menores daños (grado de daño 2.5 a 3) por gusano cogollero (S. frugiperda), así como los mayores valores en las variables fisiológicas. Los cultivares Naal teel y Nal xoy establecidas en sistema asociado tuvieron mayor número total de mazorcas llenas y rendimiento de grano (1 a 1.7 ton ha-1). Por otra parte, las variables de crecimiento no tuvieron diferencias entre las plantas establecidas tanto en el monocultivo, como en el asociado. El establecimiento de V. unguiculata como cultivo asociado al maíz causa mejoras en el rendimiento y fisiología de las plantas, así como reducción en el grado de daño producido por S. frugiperda.
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