Effect of the intercropping system with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) on the agronomic and physiological performance and damage by fall armyworm in three landraces of maize
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2359Keywords:
policulture, associated crop, maize productionAbstract
The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic and physiological performance of Yucatan landrace maize due to intercropping with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). The experiment was
conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three lan- drace maize cultivars (Naal teel, Nal xoy and Dzit bacal) were established in both monoculture and in association with
V. unguiculata. Agronomic performance was evaluated by measuring growth variables, yield components, and dama- ge by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as well as physiological variables related to gas exchange. Data obtained were analyzed using Student’s t-test. Maize plants intercropped with V. unguiculata showed the lowest damage levels (damage grade
2.5 to 3) by fall armyworm (S. frugiperda), along with the highest values for physiological variables. Naal teel and Nal xoy maize cultivars established in association had the highest number of filled ears and grain yield (1 to 1.7 tons per ha). On the other hand, growth variables showed no differences between plants established in monoculture and those in association. Inter- cropping V. unguiculata with maize enhances yield and plant physiology, as well as reduces the degree of damage caused by S. frugiperda.
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