Caracterización del co-encapsulamiento de Lactobacillus plantarum y ácidos grasos omega-3 en una matriz de alginato-pectina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v21i2.904Palabras clave:
Micro-encapsulados funcionales, probióticos, bioactivos, aceite de linaza, alginato-pectinaResumen
Los alimentos funcionales producen un efecto benéfico en la salud de quien los consume. Algunos de ellos se desarrollan adicionando probióticos o compuestos bioactivos, que son sensibles a condiciones adversas presentes durante la vida de anaquel del alimento o al pasar por el tracto gastrointestinal. En ambos casos, una alternativa para protegerlos, es encapsularlos en matrices grado alimenticio. Se co-encapsularon Lactobacillus plantarum y ácidos grasos omega-3 (Ω3) en una matriz de alginato-pectina. Los Ω3 se obtuvieron por extracción en frío de aceite de linaza; su análisis cuantitativo por cromatografía de gases mostro un contenido del 58 %. La relación de matriz polimérica que produjo mejores cápsulas fue 2:1, usando concentraciones de 1.5 % y 2.0 %, de alginato y pectina, respectivamente. La mejor relación matriz-probiótico-linaza fue de 5.0:1.0:1.0 (suspensión celular conteniendo aproximadamente 2.8 x 108 UFC/mL). Se obtuvieron cápsulas esféricas con carga superficial, negativa (- 4.6± 0.41 mV) y diámetros entre 150 y 200 μm. La eficiencia de encapsulamiento de L. plantarum fue del 85 %, observándose una disminución de 0.7±0.14 Log UFC/g, después de liofilizar las microcápsulas para mejorar su estabilidad durante el almacenamiento. Después de 30 días a -20 °C, no se observaron diferencias (p > 0.05) en la sobrevivencia del probiótico, ni cambios en la concentración de peróxidos del aceite co-encapsulados, indicando que el encapsulamiento protegió tanto a L. plantarum como a los Ω3. Estos micro-encapsulados podrían utilizarse en la formulación de productos funcionales debido a su bajo costo de producción y fácil estabilización.
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