Actividad de enzimas de biosíntesis de almidón y su asociación con la modificación del endospermo en maíz de calidad proteínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2421Palabras clave:
maiz de calidad proteínica, biosíntesis de almidón, endospermo vítreoResumen
La formación del endospermo vítreo en el maíz de calidad proteínica (QPM) está asociado con cambios en la composición y estructura de gránulos de almidón, pero se conoce poco acerca del papel de alteraciones en la estructura y actividad de las principales enzimas biosintéticas. Endospermos en desarrollo de K0326Y-QPM, W64Ao2 y líneas recombinantes puras derivadas se utilizaron para analizar la actividad de ADP-glucosa pirofosforilasa (AGPasa), almidón sintasa unida al gránulo (GBSS), enzima ramificadora de almidón (SBE) y pululanasa (PULL). La actividad de GBSS correlación positivamente con la vitrosidad del grano y lo opuesto se observó para SBE. Las enzimas SBEIIb de K0326Y-QPM and W64Ao2 difieren cinco aminoácidos. Tres de los cambios de aminoácidos parecen afectar el sitio catalítico de SBEIIb, lo cual podría ser responsable de la menor actividad y contenido de amilopectina en líneas vítreas. Sin embargo, enzimas SBEIIb recombinantes producidas en Escherichia coli mostraron actividades similares. Los resultados sugieren que la modificación del endospermo en QPM está asociada con cambios en la actividad de enzimas de síntesis de almidón, lo cual afecta la composición, propiedades fisicoquímicas y estructurales del almidón durante el desarrollo del endospermo. La mayor actividad de GBSS y la menor actividad de SBE produce gránulos de almidón con mayor proporción de amilosa y regiones amorfas, favoreciendo una mayor compactación entre estas estructuras, contribuyendo al fenotipo vítreo en QPM.
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