Extracción, caracterización y actividad antioxidante de lignina de lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) y cáscara de nuez pecanera (Carya illinoinensis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1642Palabras clave:
Lignina, Proceso organosolv, Lirio acuático, Cáscara de nuez pecanera, Compuestos fenólicos, Actividad antioxidanteResumen
En este trabajo se investigó el potencial de lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) y cáscara de nuez pecanera (Carya illinoinensis) como fuente de lignina. La extracción de la lignina se realizó aplicando un procedimiento organosolv y fue caracterizada por espectroscopía de infrarrojo, microscopía electrónica de barrido, y análisis termogravimétrico. La actividad antioxidante fue determinada a través de la estabilización de los radicales libres DPPH y ABTS. Los resultados mostraron mayor contenido de lignina y rendimiento de extracción en las cáscaras de nuez. El espectro infrarrojo reveló bandas típicas de los principales grupos funcionales; grupos –OH fenólicos, grupos metilo C–H3 y metoxilo O–CH3 los cuales forman parte del anillo aromático de la lignina. La lignina de lirio acuático (LLA) mostró alta resistencia a la degradación térmica la cual la sitúa como componente interesante para el desarrollo de resinas fenólicas y retardantes de flama. La lignina extraída de las cáscaras de nuez pecanera (LCN) mostró un alto porcentaje de inhibición contra los radicales DPPH y ABTS cuando fue solubilizada en etanol, metanol y mezclas de etanol-metanol 50:50 v/v. La alta actividad antioxidante de la LCN indica que este tipo de lignina pueden tener aplicaciones en la industria de alimentos y farmacéutica.
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