Caracterización fisicoquímica y compuestos bioactivos en el coco (Cocos nucifera L.) y su aceite: Efecto del cultivar y región de cultivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v23i2.1336Palabras clave:
Coco, compuestos bioactivos, cultivares, región de cultivo.Resumen
La pulpa y aceite de coco son altamente valorados por los efectos sobre la salud, éstas propiedades son atribuidas a compuestos bioactivos, principalmente a los ácidos grasos de cadena media, compuestos fenólicos y vitamina E. La concentración de los compuestos bioactivos, depende del cultivar, las condiciones bióticas y abióticas de la zona de cultivo. Se determinó el efecto del cultivar y zonas productoras, sobre los compuestos bioactivos en el coco y su aceite. Se analizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas y los perfiles de componentes bioactivos en cultivares cosechados en Guerrero, Alto Pacifico-saladita, Enano Verde, e Hibrido y de Yucatán, Alto Pacífico-2, Enano Verde. Se encontro que las propiedades fisicoquímicas son diferentes dependiendo de la región de cultivo y el cultivar. En relación al perfil de ácidos grasos principalmente los ácidos laúrico, mirístico y palmítico, en los cultivares y las regiones no hay diferencia, pero si en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y a-tocoferol. El cultivar Enano Verde de Yucatán, es superior en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos (767.44 mg acido galico/100g), mientras que Alto Pacífico -Saladita en α-tocoferol ( 151.03µg/100g).Estos cultivares podrían significar un gran potencial en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y α-tocoferol, además de los ácidos grasos de cadena media, en las regiones correspondientes.
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