Reposicionamiento de Fármacos: Nuevos Caminos para Medicamentos Conocidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2591Palabras clave:
Reposicionamiento, antiinflamatorio no esteroideo, sildenafil, omeprazol, bioinformáticaResumen
El reposicionamiento de fármacos es una estrategia que aprovecha medicamentos aprobados para tratar enfermedades distintas a las originalmente previstas. Este enfoque reduce tiempo y costos asociados al desarrollo de nuevos fármacos, facilitando el descubrimiento de nuevas opciones terapéuticas. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo explorar las metodologías utilizadas, los desafíos actuales y el impacto potencial de este enfoque en la medicina. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect utilizando palabras clave relacionadas con el reposiciona[1]miento de fármacos, combinando términos como “repurposing” con diferentes tipos de medicamentos. Se priorizó la información más reciente, específicamente de los últimos 15 años (tomando 2010 como límite), y se excluyeron artículos irrelevantes o desactualizados. Se destacan casos exitosos de reposicionamiento, como el ibuprofeno, un antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE) estudiado contra enfermedades neurodegenerativas. El ácido acetilsalicílico, diseñado inicialmente para la hipertensión y angina, que ha mostrado actividad contra el cáncer y Alzheimer; y el omeprazol, utilizado para la gastritis, ha demostrado actividad antiparasitaria. Estos ejemplos subrayan cómo fármacos aprobados, con perfiles de seguridad establecidos, pueden tener nuevos usos. El reposicionamiento de fármacos, apoyado por herramientas bioinformáticas, representa una vía prometedora para tratar enfermedades desatendidas y mejorar terapias mediante combinaciones que optimizan la eficacia y reducen efectos secundarios.
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