Extracto polifenólico de hojas de mango (Mangifera indica L.): Microencapsulación, caracterización fisicoquímica y actividad antifúngica in vivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v26.2439Palabras clave:
Microencapsulados, polifenoles, fotoestabilidad, termoestabilidad, fitopatógenoResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue proteger un extracto de hojas de mango rico en polifenoles mediante la microencapsulación por secado por aspersión para conservar su actividad antifúngica in vivo. Se preparó una disolución polimérica (DP) de goma arábiga y alginato de sodio; adicionada con extracto de hoja de mango. Se evaluó la temperatura de transición vítrea de la DP y se procesó en un secador por aspersión. A las cápsulas se le evaluaron parámetros fisicoquímicos, fotoestabilidad, termoestabilidad, FTIR y actividad antifúngica in vivo frente a Penicillium digitatum en naranjas y Botrytis cinerea en arándanos. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los encapsulados fueron adecuados para un polvo obtenido mediante secado por aspersión. El análisis FTIR evidenció la presencia del extracto en las cápsulas y la ausencia de interacciones fuertes del extracto con los biopolímeros. El extracto microencapsulado mostró alta estabilidad a la temperatura y a la radiación UV. Las cápsulas demostraron buena actividad antifúngica reduciendo la severidad de P. digitatum en un 70 % y la incidencia de B. cinerea en un 100 %. Las cápsulas presentaron características deseables que les permite proteger los polifenoles, adicionalmente, al ser altamente solubles liberan los compuestos sobre el epicarpio de los frutos, lo que representa una alternativa natural para la conservación de frutos.
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