Identificación de rizobacterias aisladas de Tagetes coronopifolia y Tagetes terniflora (Cempasúchitl) y evaluación de su capacidad inhibitoria in vitro de microorganismos fitopatógenos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i3.1736Palabras clave:
rizobacterias, bacterias endofíticas, control biológico, plantas antagónicasResumen
El género Tagetes, es un grupo de plantas conocidas comúnmente como cempasúchil o flor del muerto, las cuales, son reconocidas principalmente por su uso en la industria alimentaria, horticultura ornamental, terapéutico herbolario y cultural. Tagetes coronopifolia y terniflora, son dos plantas de este género, empleadas en la rotación de cultivos para el control de nemátodos fitopatógenos. En este trabajo se realizó el aislamiento de 581 cepas a partir de muestras de suelo rizosférico, suelo adherido a la raíz y el interior de la raíz a los 30, 60, 90 y 120 días de crecimiento, en cultivos de invernadero. Del total de cepas de rizobacterias aisladas, 22 presentaron actividad antagónica a Fusarium sp. y 53 a Stenocarpella maydis, ambos. hongos patógenos de maíz, mientras que 37 cepas mostraron antagonismo a la bacteria fitopatógena Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis. De acuerdo con el porcentaje de inhibición de los patógenos en estudio, se seleccionaron 10 rizobacterias para su identificaron molecular utilizando un fragmento de aproximadamente 1484 pb del gen 16SrDNA. El análisis de similitud utilizando la herramienta BLAST del NCBI, arrojó como resultado que las rizobacterias pertenecen a los géneros Bacillus y Pseudomonas, géneros utilizados como agentes de biocontrol.
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