Comportamiento de los compuestos volátiles regulados por la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-070-SCFI-2016 durante la destilación de Mezcal artesanal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1577Keywords:
artisanal Mezcal, distillation, volatile compounds, distillation cutsAbstract
Mezcal is produced by fermentation of maguey juice and double distillation in copper stills. During the second distillation, the distillate is separated into three cuts: head, heart, and tail. The present study aimed to determine the progress of the chemical compounds regulated by the NOM-070-SCFI-2016 in the first and the second distillation. Aliquots were collected directly from the distillate flow of the artisanal Mezcal batch and analyzed by gas chromatography and digital densitometer. The head fraction was collected from 77.71 to 74.30 % v/v of ethanol, the heart fraction to 28.83 % v/v, and the tail fraction collected until 14.44 % v/v. The first liter of each fraction contained 1731.86, 656.54, and 102.6 mg/100 mL a.a. of esters; 421.21, 452.28, and 40.26 mg/100 mL a.a. of higher alcohols; 72.86, 35.37, and 1.77 mg/100 mL a.a. of aldehydes; 135.33, 142.95, and 247.6 mg/100 mL a.a. of methanol; 0.30, 0.45, and 3.04 mg/100 mL a.a. of furfural. Higher alcohols, esters, and aldehydes predominate at the beginning of the distillation, while furfural and methanol prevail at the end. These results will be useful for the Maestros mezcaleros, contributing to better quality control of Mezcal.
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