Use of hydrolysis prior to the chemical and thermomechanical modification of rice starch: alternative to traditional modification treatments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v23i1.1296Keywords:
Modified starch, Native starch, Acetylation, Extrusion, HydrolysisAbstract
Rice starch isolated (NS), was subjected to chemical and thermomechanical modification with previous hydrolysis (MHS) and without previous hydrolysis (MS) to be evaluated on main starch properties as degree of substitution (DS), color, water absorption and solubility index (WAI, WSI), viscosity, texture, thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry DSC) and structural properties (infrared-IR, Xray-Rx analysis, and relative crystallinity index-ICR). The modified starches were compared to native starch (NS). The DS obtained in both starches was within the range allowed by the FDA for its safety use as food ingredient (0.01-0.2). The modification showed an increase in WAI and WSI values, being WAI value higher in MS (4.80) and WSI value higher in MHS (32.06). The viscosity of retrogradation showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in both starches (HMS 0.013 and MS 5.613), obtaining gels with greater stability, however, the hardness of starch gels decreased (60 %) while the adhesiveness decreased only in MS (66 %). The crystallinity index (ICR) of the modified starches increased with regard to the native starch indicating a depolymerization of the molecule due to the modification. The presence of the acetyl group in the starch molecule was observed in the signals between 1650 to 1744 cm-1 confirming the esterification. The starches showed a high potential for its application as edible coatings and as wall material for microencapsulation.
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References
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Bello-Pérez, L. A., and Paredes-López, O. 2009. Starches of some food crops, changes during processing and their nutraceutical potential. Food Engineering Reviews 1, 50-65.
Bello Pérez, L. A., González Soto, R. A., Sánchez Rivero, M. M., Gutiérrez Meraz, F., and Vargas Torres, A. 2006. Extrusión de almidones de fuentes no convencionales para la producción de almidón resistente. Agrociencia 40, 441-448.
Burros, B. C., Young, L. A., and Carroad, P. A. 1987. Kinetics of Corn Meal Gelatinization at High Temperature and Low Moisture. Journal of Food Science 52, 1372-1376.
Casas-Alencáster, B. N., and Pardo-García, D. G. 2005. Análisis de perfil de textura y propiedades de relajación de geles de mezclas almidón de maíz ceroso entrecruzado-gelana. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 4, 107-121.
Colussi, R., El Halal, S. L. M., Pinto, V. Z., Bartz, J., Gutkoski, L. C., da Rosa Zavareze, E., and Dias, A. R. G. 2015. Acetylation of rice starch in an aqueous medium for use in food. LWT - Food Science and Technology 62, 1076-1082.
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Chel-Guerrero, L., Pérez-Flores, V., Betancur-Ancona, D., and Dávila-Ortiz, G. 2012. Functional Properties of Flours and Protein Isolates from Phaseolus lunatus and Canavalia ensiformis Seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 584-591.
Chen, H., Siebenmorgen, T. J., and Griffin, K. 1998. Quality characteristics of long-grain rice milled in two commercial systems. Cereal Chemistry 75, 560-565.
Chinachotic, P., and Varavinita, S. 2001. A study of some physicochemical properties of high-crystalline tapioca starch. Starch/Stärke 53, 577-581.
Chinnaswamy, R., and Hanna, M. A. 1988. Relationship between amylose content and extrusion-expansion properties of com starches. Cereal Chemistry, 65, e147.
Dias, A. B., Müller, C. M. O., Larotonda, F. D. S., and Laurindo, J. B. 2010. Biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour. Journal of Cereal Science, 51, 213-219.
dos Santos, A. B., Fávaro-Trindade, C. S., and Grosso, C. R. F. 2005. Preparo e caracterização de microcápsulas de oleorresina de páprica obtidas por atomização. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos 25, 322-326.
Eliasson, A.C. 2004. Starch in food: Structure, function and applications: Woodhead Publising. USA.
Enríquez C, M., Velasco M, R., and Fernández Q, A. 2013. Caracterización de almidones de Yuca nativos y modificados para la elaboración de empaques biodegradables. Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial 11, 21-30.
González-Soto, R. A., de la Vega, B., García-Suarez, F. J., Agama-Acevedo, E., and Bello-Pérez, L. A. 2011. Preparation of spherical aggregates of taro starch granules. LWT-Food Science and Technology 44, 2064-2069.
Gulati, P., Weier, S. A., Santra, D., Subbiah, J., and Rose, D. J. 2016. Effects of feed moisture and extruder screw speed and temperature on physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of extruded proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) flour. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 51, 114-122.
Gujska, E., and Khan, K. 1990. Effect of temperature on properties of extrudates from high starch fractions of navy, pinto and garbanzo beans. Journal of Food Science 55(2), 466-469.
Gunaratne, A., and Hoover, R. 2002. Effect of heat–moisture treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches. Carbohydrate Polymers 49, 425-437.
Hagenimana, A., Ding, X., and Fang, T. 2006. Evaluation of rice flour modified by extrusion cooking. Journal of Cereal Science 43, 38-46.
Harper, J. M., Tribelhorn, R. E. 1992. Expansion of native cereal starch extrudates. In: Food Extrusion Science and Technology, (J.L. Kokini., C.T. Ho y M.V. Karwe, eds.), pp. 653-667. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York.
Hleap, J. I., and Velasco, V. A. 2010. Análisis de las propiedades de textura durante el almacenamiento de salchichas elaboradas a partir de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.). Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial 8, 46-56.
Jin, Z., Hsieh, F., & Huff, H. E. 1994. Extrusion cooking of corn meal with soy fiber, salt, and sugar. Cereal Chemistry 71, 227-233.
Lawal, O. S. 2004. Composition, physicochemical properties and retrogradation characteristics of native, oxidised, acetylated and acid-thinned new cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) starch. Food Chemistry 87, 205-218.
Liu, H., Xie, F., Yu, L., Chen, L., and Li, L. 2009. Thermal processing of starch-based polymers. Progress in Polymer Science 34, 1348-1368.
López Hernández, O. D. 2010. Microencapsulación de sustancias oleosas mediante secado por aspersión. Revista Cubana de Farmacia 44, 381-389.
López, O. V., Zaritzky, N. E., and García, M. A. 2010. Physicochemical characterization of chemically modified corn starches related to rheological behavior, retrogradation and film forming capacity. Journal of Food Engineering 100, 160-168.
Mali, S., Sakanaka, L. S., Yamashita, F., and Grossmann, M. V. E. 2005. Water sorption and mechanical properties of cassava starch films and their relation to plasticizing effect. Carbohydrate Polymers 60, 283-289.
Mano, J. F., Koniarova, D., and Reis, R. L. 2003. Thermal properties of thermoplastic starch/synthetic polymer blends with potential biomedical applicability. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 14, 127-135.
Martin, C., Smith, A. M. 1995. Starch biosynthesis. The plan cell, 7, 971.
McPherson, A. E., and Jane, J. 1999. Comparison of waxy potato with other root and tuber starches. Carbohydrate Polymers 40, 57-70.
Moorthy, S. N. 2002. Physicochemical and functional properties of tropical tuber starches: a review. Starch‐Stärke 54, 559-592.
Morales Martínez, L. E. 2014. Morfometría de los granos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y caracterización fisicoquímica, estructural y reológica de las harinas integrales de las variedades MorelosA-92 y Koshihikari y de seis líneas provenientes de estas. Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias en Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México.
Murúa-Pagola, B., Beristain-Guevara, C. I., and Martínez-Bustos, F. 2007. Application of phosphorylated waxy maize starch in the microencapsulation of flavors: characterization and stability. In: Journal of Food Engineering Research Developments, (T.P. Klening ed.), Pp. 979-971. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Murúa-Pagola, B., Beristain-Guevara, C. I., and Martínez-Bustos, F. 2009. Preparation of starch derivatives using reactive extrusion and evaluation of modified starches as shell materials for encapsulation of flavoring agents by spray drying. Journal of Food Engineering 91, 380-386.
Phillips, D. L., Liu, H., Pan, D., and Corke, H. 1999. General application of raman spectroscopy for the determination of level of acetylation in modified starches. Cereal Chemistry 76, 439-443.
Prieto-Méndez, J., Trejo-Cárdenas, C. L., Prieto-García, F., Méndez-Marzo, M. A., Bello-Pérez, L. A., and Román-Gutiérrez, A. D. 2010. Acetilación y caracterización del almidón de cebada. Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales 6, 32-43.
Puncha-arnon, S., and Uttapap, D. 2013. Rice starch vs. rice flour: Differences in their properties when modified by heat–moisture treatment. Carbohydrate Polymers 91, 85-91.
Rabek, J. F. 1980. Applications of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) to the study of the structure of polymers. In: Experimental methods in polymer chemistry (H.F. Mark, ed.) pp. 123-140. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Rendón-Villalobos, R., García-Hernández, E., Güizado-Rodríguez, M., Salgado-Delgado, R., and Rangel-Vázquez, N. A. 2010. Obtención y caracterización de almidón de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.) acetilado a diferentes grados de sustitución. Afinidad, 67, 548.
Rivas-González, M., Zamudio-Flores, P. B., and Bello-Pérez, L. A. 2009. Efecto del grado de acetilación en las características morfológicas y fisicoquímicas del almidón de plátano. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 8, 291-297.
Santos, B. D., Fávaro-Trindade, A., Grosso, C. S. F. & Raimundo, C. 2005. Preparo e Caracterização de Microcápsulas de Oleoresina de Páprica Obtidas por Atomização. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 25, 322-326
Sebio, L. (2003). Desenvolvimento de plástico biodegradável a base de amido de milho e gelatina pelo processo de extrusão: avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e de barreira.
Sha, X. S., Xiang, Z. J., Bin, L., Jing, L., Bin, Z., Jiao, Y. J. & Kun, S. R. 2012. Preparation and physical characteristics of resistant starch (type 4) in acetylated indica rice. Food Chemistry 134, 149–154.
Singh, J., Kaur, L., and McCarthy, J. 2007. Factors influencing the physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of some chemically modified starches for food applications-a review. Food Hydrocolloids, 21:1-22.
Sothornvit, R., and Krochta, J.M. 2005. Plasticizer in edible films and coatings, in Innovations. In J.H. Han (ed), Innovations in foods packings.403-428. Amsterdan. The Netherlands: Elservier.
Tari, T. A., & Singhal, R. S. (2002). Starch-Based Spherical Aggregates: Stability Of A Model Flavouring Compound, Vanillin Entrapped.
Tester, R. F., Karkalas, J., & Qi, X. (2004). Starch—Composition, Fine structure And Architecture. Journal Of Cereal Science, 39(2), 151-165
Thymi, S., Krokida, M. K., Pappa, A., & Maroulis, Z. B. (2005). Structural Properties Of Extruded Corn Starch. Journal Of Food Engineering, 68(4), 519-526
Thomas, T. D. J., & Atwell, W. A. (1999). Starches. Eagan Press Handbook
Vaclavik, V. A., and Christian, E. W. 2002. Fundamentos de Ciencia de los Alimentos: Editorial Acribia, México.
Von Atzingen, M. C., & Machado Pinto and Silva, M. E. 2005. Evaluación de la Textura y Color de Almidones y Harinas en preparaciones sin Gluten. CyTA-Journal of Food 4, 319-323.
Wang, Y.J., Wang, L., Shephard, D., Wang, F., and Patindoll, J. 2002. Properties and structures of flours and starches from whole, broken, and yellowed rice kernels in a model study. Cereal Chemistry 79, 383.
Xie, S. X., Liu, Q., and Cui, S. W. 2005. Starch modification and applications: CRC Press, USA.
Xu, Y., Miladinov, V., and Hanna, M. A. 2004. Synthesis and characterization of starch acetates with high substitution 1. Cereal Chemistry 81, 735-740.
Zavareze, E. D. R., and Dias, A. R. G. 2011. Impact of heat-moisture treatment and annealing in starches: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83(2), 317-328.
Zazueta-Morales, J. J. 2003. Extrusión de maíz (Zea mays L.) azul: efecto del hidróxido de calcio sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y funcionales. Tesis de Doctorado. Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro.
Amagliani, L., O’Regan, J., Kelly, A. L., and O’Mahony, J. A. 2016. Chemistry, structure, functionality and applications of rice starch. Journal of Cereal Science 70, 291-300.
Andreuccetti, C., Carvalho, R. A., Galicia-García, T., Martínez-Bustos, F., González-Núñez, R., and Grosso, C. R. F. 2012. Functional properties of gelatin-based films containing Yucca schidigera extract produced via casting, extrusion and blown extrusion processes: A preliminary study. Journal of Food Engineering 113, 33-40.
Bello-Pérez, L. A., Agama-Acevedo, E., Zamudio-Flores, P. B., Mendez-Montealvo, G., & Rodriguez-Ambriz, S. L. 2010. Effect of low and high acetylation degree in the morphological, physicochemical and structural characteristics of barley starch. LWT - Food Science and Technology 43, 1434-1440.
Bello-Pérez, L. A., and Paredes-López, O. 2009. Starches of some food crops, changes during processing and their nutraceutical potential. Food Engineering Reviews 1, 50-65.
Bello Pérez, L. A., González Soto, R. A., Sánchez Rivero, M. M., Gutiérrez Meraz, F., and Vargas Torres, A. 2006. Extrusión de almidones de fuentes no convencionales para la producción de almidón resistente. Agrociencia 40, 441-448.
Burros, B. C., Young, L. A., and Carroad, P. A. 1987. Kinetics of Corn Meal Gelatinization at High Temperature and Low Moisture. Journal of Food Science 52, 1372-1376.
Casas-Alencáster, B. N., and Pardo-García, D. G. 2005. Análisis de perfil de textura y propiedades de relajación de geles de mezclas almidón de maíz ceroso entrecruzado-gelana. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 4, 107-121.
Colussi, R., El Halal, S. L. M., Pinto, V. Z., Bartz, J., Gutkoski, L. C., da Rosa Zavareze, E., and Dias, A. R. G. 2015. Acetylation of rice starch in an aqueous medium for use in food. LWT - Food Science and Technology 62, 1076-1082.
Copeland, L., Blazek, J., Salman, H., and Tang, M. C. 2009. Form and functionality of starch. Food Hydrocolloids 23, 1527-1534.
Chel-Guerrero, L., Pérez-Flores, V., Betancur-Ancona, D., and Dávila-Ortiz, G. 2012. Functional Properties of Flours and Protein Isolates from Phaseolus lunatus and Canavalia ensiformis Seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 584-591.
Chen, H., Siebenmorgen, T. J., and Griffin, K. 1998. Quality characteristics of long-grain rice milled in two commercial systems. Cereal Chemistry 75, 560-565.
Chinachotic, P., and Varavinita, S. 2001. A study of some physicochemical properties of high-crystalline tapioca starch. Starch/Stärke 53, 577-581.
Chinnaswamy, R., and Hanna, M. A. 1988. Relationship between amylose content and extrusion-expansion properties of com starches. Cereal Chemistry, 65, e147.
Dias, A. B., Müller, C. M. O., Larotonda, F. D. S., and Laurindo, J. B. 2010. Biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour. Journal of Cereal Science, 51, 213-219.
dos Santos, A. B., Fávaro-Trindade, C. S., and Grosso, C. R. F. 2005. Preparo e caracterização de microcápsulas de oleorresina de páprica obtidas por atomização. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos 25, 322-326.
Eliasson, A.C. 2004. Starch in food: Structure, function and applications: Woodhead Publising. USA.
Enríquez C, M., Velasco M, R., and Fernández Q, A. 2013. Caracterización de almidones de Yuca nativos y modificados para la elaboración de empaques biodegradables. Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial 11, 21-30.
González-Soto, R. A., de la Vega, B., García-Suarez, F. J., Agama-Acevedo, E., and Bello-Pérez, L. A. 2011. Preparation of spherical aggregates of taro starch granules. LWT-Food Science and Technology 44, 2064-2069.
Gulati, P., Weier, S. A., Santra, D., Subbiah, J., and Rose, D. J. 2016. Effects of feed moisture and extruder screw speed and temperature on physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of extruded proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) flour. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 51, 114-122.
Gujska, E., and Khan, K. 1990. Effect of temperature on properties of extrudates from high starch fractions of navy, pinto and garbanzo beans. Journal of Food Science 55(2), 466-469.
Gunaratne, A., and Hoover, R. 2002. Effect of heat–moisture treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches. Carbohydrate Polymers 49, 425-437.
Hagenimana, A., Ding, X., and Fang, T. 2006. Evaluation of rice flour modified by extrusion cooking. Journal of Cereal Science 43, 38-46.
Harper, J. M., Tribelhorn, R. E. 1992. Expansion of native cereal starch extrudates. In: Food Extrusion Science and Technology, (J.L. Kokini., C.T. Ho y M.V. Karwe, eds.), pp. 653-667. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York.
Hleap, J. I., and Velasco, V. A. 2010. Análisis de las propiedades de textura durante el almacenamiento de salchichas elaboradas a partir de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.). Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial 8, 46-56.
Jin, Z., Hsieh, F., & Huff, H. E. 1994. Extrusion cooking of corn meal with soy fiber, salt, and sugar. Cereal Chemistry 71, 227-233.
Lawal, O. S. 2004. Composition, physicochemical properties and retrogradation characteristics of native, oxidised, acetylated and acid-thinned new cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) starch. Food Chemistry 87, 205-218.
Liu, H., Xie, F., Yu, L., Chen, L., and Li, L. 2009. Thermal processing of starch-based polymers. Progress in Polymer Science 34, 1348-1368.
López Hernández, O. D. 2010. Microencapsulación de sustancias oleosas mediante secado por aspersión. Revista Cubana de Farmacia 44, 381-389.
López, O. V., Zaritzky, N. E., and García, M. A. 2010. Physicochemical characterization of chemically modified corn starches related to rheological behavior, retrogradation and film forming capacity. Journal of Food Engineering 100, 160-168.
Mali, S., Sakanaka, L. S., Yamashita, F., and Grossmann, M. V. E. 2005. Water sorption and mechanical properties of cassava starch films and their relation to plasticizing effect. Carbohydrate Polymers 60, 283-289.
Mano, J. F., Koniarova, D., and Reis, R. L. 2003. Thermal properties of thermoplastic starch/synthetic polymer blends with potential biomedical applicability. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 14, 127-135.
Martin, C., Smith, A. M. 1995. Starch biosynthesis. The plan cell, 7, 971.
McPherson, A. E., and Jane, J. 1999. Comparison of waxy potato with other root and tuber starches. Carbohydrate Polymers 40, 57-70.
Moorthy, S. N. 2002. Physicochemical and functional properties of tropical tuber starches: a review. Starch‐Stärke 54, 559-592.
Morales Martínez, L. E. 2014. Morfometría de los granos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y caracterización fisicoquímica, estructural y reológica de las harinas integrales de las variedades MorelosA-92 y Koshihikari y de seis líneas provenientes de estas. Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias en Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México.
Murúa-Pagola, B., Beristain-Guevara, C. I., and Martínez-Bustos, F. 2007. Application of phosphorylated waxy maize starch in the microencapsulation of flavors: characterization and stability. In: Journal of Food Engineering Research Developments, (T.P. Klening ed.), Pp. 979-971. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Murúa-Pagola, B., Beristain-Guevara, C. I., and Martínez-Bustos, F. 2009. Preparation of starch derivatives using reactive extrusion and evaluation of modified starches as shell materials for encapsulation of flavoring agents by spray drying. Journal of Food Engineering 91, 380-386.
Phillips, D. L., Liu, H., Pan, D., and Corke, H. 1999. General application of raman spectroscopy for the determination of level of acetylation in modified starches. Cereal Chemistry 76, 439-443.
Prieto-Méndez, J., Trejo-Cárdenas, C. L., Prieto-García, F., Méndez-Marzo, M. A., Bello-Pérez, L. A., and Román-Gutiérrez, A. D. 2010. Acetilación y caracterización del almidón de cebada. Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales 6, 32-43.
Puncha-arnon, S., and Uttapap, D. 2013. Rice starch vs. rice flour: Differences in their properties when modified by heat–moisture treatment. Carbohydrate Polymers 91, 85-91.
Rabek, J. F. 1980. Applications of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) to the study of the structure of polymers. In: Experimental methods in polymer chemistry (H.F. Mark, ed.) pp. 123-140. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Rendón-Villalobos, R., García-Hernández, E., Güizado-Rodríguez, M., Salgado-Delgado, R., and Rangel-Vázquez, N. A. 2010. Obtención y caracterización de almidón de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.) acetilado a diferentes grados de sustitución. Afinidad, 67, 548.
Rivas-González, M., Zamudio-Flores, P. B., and Bello-Pérez, L. A. 2009. Efecto del grado de acetilación en las características morfológicas y fisicoquímicas del almidón de plátano. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 8, 291-297.
Santos, B. D., Fávaro-Trindade, A., Grosso, C. S. F. & Raimundo, C. 2005. Preparo e Caracterização de Microcápsulas de Oleoresina de Páprica Obtidas por Atomização. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 25, 322-326
Sebio, L. (2003). Desenvolvimento de plástico biodegradável a base de amido de milho e gelatina pelo processo de extrusão: avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e de barreira.
Sha, X. S., Xiang, Z. J., Bin, L., Jing, L., Bin, Z., Jiao, Y. J. & Kun, S. R. 2012. Preparation and physical characteristics of resistant starch (type 4) in acetylated indica rice. Food Chemistry 134, 149–154.
Singh, J., Kaur, L., and McCarthy, J. 2007. Factors influencing the physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of some chemically modified starches for food applications-a review. Food Hydrocolloids, 21:1-22.
Sothornvit, R., and Krochta, J.M. 2005. Plasticizer in edible films and coatings, in Innovations. In J.H. Han (ed), Innovations in foods packings.403-428. Amsterdan. The Netherlands: Elservier.
Tari, T. A., & Singhal, R. S. (2002). Starch-Based Spherical Aggregates: Stability Of A Model Flavouring Compound, Vanillin Entrapped.
Tester, R. F., Karkalas, J., & Qi, X. (2004). Starch—Composition, Fine structure And Architecture. Journal Of Cereal Science, 39(2), 151-165
Thymi, S., Krokida, M. K., Pappa, A., & Maroulis, Z. B. (2005). Structural Properties Of Extruded Corn Starch. Journal Of Food Engineering, 68(4), 519-526
Thomas, T. D. J., & Atwell, W. A. (1999). Starches. Eagan Press Handbook
Vaclavik, V. A., and Christian, E. W. 2002. Fundamentos de Ciencia de los Alimentos: Editorial Acribia, México.
Von Atzingen, M. C., & Machado Pinto and Silva, M. E. 2005. Evaluación de la Textura y Color de Almidones y Harinas en preparaciones sin Gluten. CyTA-Journal of Food 4, 319-323.
Wang, Y.J., Wang, L., Shephard, D., Wang, F., and Patindoll, J. 2002. Properties and structures of flours and starches from whole, broken, and yellowed rice kernels in a model study. Cereal Chemistry 79, 383.
Xie, S. X., Liu, Q., and Cui, S. W. 2005. Starch modification and applications: CRC Press, USA.
Xu, Y., Miladinov, V., and Hanna, M. A. 2004. Synthesis and characterization of starch acetates with high substitution 1. Cereal Chemistry 81, 735-740.
Zavareze, E. D. R., and Dias, A. R. G. 2011. Impact of heat-moisture treatment and annealing in starches: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83(2), 317-328.
Zazueta-Morales, J. J. 2003. Extrusión de maíz (Zea mays L.) azul: efecto del hidróxido de calcio sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y funcionales. Tesis de Doctorado. Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro.
Published
2021-02-19
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Grajeda, N., Márquez, M., Galicia García, T., Estrada, I., Mendoza, M., Márquez, R., … Soto, C. (2021). Use of hydrolysis prior to the chemical and thermomechanical modification of rice starch: alternative to traditional modification treatments. Biotecnia, 23(1), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v23i1.1296
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The journal Biotecnia is licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license.
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